Global Packaging Deception

Example of a pair of glasses:

• Frame: made in China.
• Arms: assembled in Argentina.
• Lenses: fitted in Canada.
• Final assembly, testing, adjustment: in Poland.

And now the question:
Where is this pair of glasses considered manufactured?

According to international trade rules – such as the EU Customs Code or WTO guidelines – the country is considered the country of origin where the last economically significant processing takes place.

In this case, it would probably be Poland, if:

• the last substantial change occurs there (e.g. adjustment or customisation),
• the glasses are made ready for use there (quality assurance),
• and this work goes beyond mere logistics or minimal processing.

However, if the activities in Poland are only superficial or secondary, Canada or even China could be considered the country of origin – depending on the assessment of the customs authority.

Important to know:

• The 'Made in' label is subject to national regulations. In the EU, 'Made in Germany' is not clearly defined, but is usually interpreted according to the principle of origin.
• For customs purposes (e.g. import duties), the origin is crucial – and must be verifiable.
• Companies should create proof of origin, for example through supplier declarations or an EUR.1 document.

And here lies the problem:

What is on the label is often not the whole truth. It often reflects complex supply chains, economic interests – and flexible interpretations of regulations.

In summary, one can say:

These glasses are a prime example of global deception:

Produced worldwide, assembled in stages, labelled according to regulations – hardly transparent for consumers.

Who reads 'Made in' thinks of clear origin.

The reality? A puzzle of four continents – with a label that promises much but reveals little. What do you think about it?